Introduction to VedasThe entire Universe is reverberating. When there is reverberation, there is sound. In other words, the entire cosmos is simply a manifestation of sound energy. The ancient Vedic sages through penance, could download cosmic data directly. They received cosmic truths in the form of sounds which they envisioned. These truths were recited as received, and passed on generations after generations.
Various truths downloaded by various ṛṣi-s gave rise to the ocean of Vedas. Veda Vyāsa later compiled these Vedas and classified them. This is how the 4 Vedas came to existence. Each of these Vedas had many branches. Each branch had 4 components :
(1) saṃhitā
(2) brāhmaṇa
(3) āraṇyaka
(4) upaniṣad
Camakam is from the Taittirīya Saṁhitā, Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda, 4th Kāṇḍa, 7th Prāpaṭhaka
अग्नाविष्णू सजोषसेमा वर्धन्तु वां गिरः ।
द्युम्नैर्वाजेभिरागतम् । वाजश्च मे प्रसवश्च मे
प्रयतिश्च मे प्रसितिश्च मे धीतिश्च मे क्रतुश्च
मे स्वरश्च मे श्लोकश्च मे श्रावश्च मे श्रुतिश्च
मे ज्योतिश्च मे सुवश्च मे प्राणश्च मेऽपानश्च मे
व्यानश्च मेऽसुश्च मे चित्तं च म आधीतं च मे
वाक्च मे मनश्च मे चक्षुश्च मे श्रोत्रं च मे
दक्षश्च मे बलं च म ओजश्च मे सहश्च म
आयुश्च मे जरा च म आत्मा च मे तनूश्च मे शर्म
च मे वर्म च मेऽङ्गानि च मेऽस्थानि च मे परूꣳषि
च मे शरीराणि च मे ॥ १॥
agnāviṣṇū sajoṣasemā vardhantu vāṃ giraḥ .
dyumnairvājebhirāgatam . vājaśca me prasavaśca me
prayatiśca me prasitiśca me dhītiśca me kratuśca
me svaraśca me ślokaśca me śrāvaśca me śrutiśca
me jyotiśca me suvaśca me prāṇaśca me'pānaśca me
vyānaśca me'suśca me cittaṃ ca ma ādhītaṃ ca me
vākca me manaśca me cakṣuśca me śrotraṃ ca me
dakṣaśca me balaṃ ca ma ojaśca me sahaśca ma
āyuśca me jarā ca ma ātmā ca me tanūśca me śarma
ca me varma ca me'ṅgāni ca me'sthāni ca me parūgͫṣi
ca me śarīrāṇi ca me
oṃ – sacred syllable (invocation)
agnāviṣṇū – Agni and Viṣṇū(dual form)
sajoṣasā – with united intent / in harmony
imā – these
vardhantu – may they strengthen / increase
vāṃ – your (dual)
giraḥ – words, praises
dyumnaiḥ – with glory or brilliance
vājebhiḥ – with strength or riches (especially food, wealth)
āgatam – come (imperative dual)
Next, Each pair follows the form "X ca me" – "and may I have X" / "let X be for me"
vājaḥ ca me – abundance for me
prasavaḥ ca me – permission to share these, for me
prayatiḥ ca me – effort for me
prasitiḥ ca me – inclination / keen appetite
dhītiḥ ca me – intellect for me
kratuḥ ca me – willpower/action for me
svaraḥ ca me – intonations in chanting for me
ślokaḥ ca me – verse, hymn for me
śrāvaḥ ca me – fame/ many listeners for me
śrutiḥ ca me – Vedas/ revelation for me
jyotiḥ ca me – light for me
suvaḥ ca me –plane of illumination for me
prāṇaḥ ca me – life-force (inward breath) for me
apānaḥ ca me – outward breath for me
vyānaḥ ca me – circulating breath for me
asuḥ ca me – vital breath/life-force itself for me
cittam ca me – mind/consciousness for me
ādhītam ca me – learned knowledge for me
vāk ca me – speech for me
manaḥ ca me – mind for me
cakṣuḥ ca me – sight/eyes for me
śrotram ca me – hearing/ears for me
dakṣaḥ ca me – right functioning of senses for me
balaṃ ca me – strength for me
ojaḥ ca me – vital energy/vigor for me
sahaḥ ca me – endurance for me
āyuḥ ca me – lifespan for me,
jarā ca me – graceful aging / old age for me
ātmā ca me – self/soul for me
tanūḥ ca me – body for me
śarma ca me – bliss for me
varma ca me – armor/safeguard for me
aṅgāni ca me – limbs for me
asthāni ca me – bones for me
parūgͫṣi ca me – joints for me
śarīrāṇi ca me – bodily parts for me
Meaning: O, Lords Agni and Viṣṇū, may You both appear to Me to my praises and prayers, with increased brilliance and abundance. Thus, may I attain abundance, and the permission and ability to share these abundances. May I attain the ability to exert effort, inclination towards something, intellect and willpower. May I attain the perfection of svara-s in my recitation, the ability to recite verses and audience to listen. May I attain light and illumination. May I attain perfection in the inward life-breath, outward life-breath, circulating breath and the totality of them as the very vital life force itself. May I attain the mental consciousness, ability to read and attain knowledge. May I attain the perfection of speech, mind, sight, hearing and the totality of the sensory functions. May I attain strength, inner vigour and endurance. May I attain longevity, graceful aging, soul-awareness, body, bliss, protection, able limbs, bones, joints and the totality of it as the whole body.
Commentary:
This anuvāka confers the basic needs for a person to sustain a healthy body for societal upliftment and the maturation of consciousness. It asks for resources and the ability to utilize them with an optimal bodily and mental function. The necessity of a healthy body and sound intellect is crucial for the upliftment of society and spirituality.
ज्यैष्ठ्यं च म आधिपत्यं च मे मन्युश्च मे भामश्च
मेऽमश्च मेऽम्भश्च मे जेमा च मे महिमा च मे
वरिमा च मे प्रथिमा च मे वर्ष्मा च मे द्राघुया च मे
वृद्धं च मे वृद्धिश्च मे सत्यं च मे श्रद्धा च
मे जगच्च मे धनं च मे वशश्च मे त्विषिश्च मे
क्रीडा च मे मोदश्च मे जातं च मे जनिष्यमाणं च मे
सूक्तं च मे सुकृतं च मे वित्तं च मे वेद्यं च मे
भूतं च मे भविष्यच्च मे सुगं च मे सुपथं च म
ऋद्धं च म ऋद्धिश्च मे कॢप्तं च मे कॢप्तिश्च
मे मतिश्च मे सुमतिश्च मे
jyaiṣṭhyaṃ ca ma ādhipatyaṃ ca me manyuśca me bhāmaśca
me'maśca me'mbhaśca me jemā ca me mahimā ca me
varimā ca me prathimā ca me varṣmā ca me drāghuyā ca me
vṛddhaṃ ca me vṛddhiśca me satyaṃ ca me śraddhā ca
me jagacca me dhanaṃ ca me vaśaśca me tviṣiśca me
krīḍā ca me modaśca me jātaṃ ca me janiṣyamāṇaṃ ca me
sūktaṃ ca me sukṛtaṃ ca me vittaṃ ca me vedyaṃ ca me
bhūtaṃ ca me bhaviṣyacca me sugaṃ ca me supathaṃ ca ma
ṛddhaṃ ca ma ṛddhiśca me kḷptaṃ ca me kḷptiśca
me matiśca me sumatiśca me
jyaiṣṭhyam ca me – may (there be) seniority for me
ādhipatyam ca me – may sovereignty/lordship be mine
manyuḥ ca me – may anger be mine
bhāmaḥ ca me – may wrath be mine
amaḥ ca me – immeasurability / depth
ambhaḥ ca me – may cool-sweet water
jemā ca me – capacity to win
mahimā ca me – may greatness be mine
varimā ca me – may I get the ability to be valued / praised by others
prathimā ca me – may expansiveness be mine
varṣmā ca me – may might be mine
drāghuyā ca me – may expansion be mine
vṛddham ca me – may growth be mine
vṛddhiḥ ca me – may the capacity to grow/prosper be mine
satyam ca me – may truth be mine
śraddhā ca me – may faith/devotion be mine
jagat ca me – may the moving world be mine
dhanam ca me – may wealth be mine
vaśaḥ ca me – may control/power be mine
tviṣiḥ ca me – may splendour/brightness be mine
krīḍā ca me – may play/sport be mine
modaḥ ca me – may delight/joy be mine
jātam ca me – may what is born be mine
janiṣyamāṇam ca me – may what is yet to be born be mine
sūktam ca me – may well-spoken/hymn be mine
sukṛtam ca me – may good deeds be mine
vittam ca me – may wealth/knowledge be mine
vedyam ca me – may what is to be known be mine
bhūtam ca me – may what is past/existing be mine
bhaviṣyat ca me – may what is future be mine
sugam ca me – may the easy path/accessibility be mine
supatham ca me – may the good/right path be mine
ṛddham ca me – may there be affluence for me
ṛddhiḥ ca me – may there be growth/enrichment of the affluence for me
kḷptam ca me – may the capacity to accumulate be mine
kḷptiḥ ca me – may the capacity to utilize that which is accumulated be mine
matiḥ ca me – may right thinking be mine
sumatiḥ ca me – may good understanding/discernment be mine
Meaning: May I get seniority, lordship. May I attain rightful anger and wrath. May I attain depth and coolness. May the capacity to win, greatness and appreciation be mine. May expansion, growth and might be mine. May truth and faith be mine. May the world, wealth, power and splendour be mine. May I attain sports and joy. May I attain all that which is yet to come and all which is already existing. May I attain the ability to recite and the do good deeds. May wealth and knowledge be mine. May the past and future be mine. May the favourable and right path me mine. May affluence, enrichement and the capacity to accumulate and utilise them be mine. May rightful thinking and intellect be mine.
Commentary: This anuvāka's theme is about conquest. To all those who desires growth, conquest and eminent success- this anuvāka will be helpful. It basically describes the blessings to shine, succeed and attain wealth and have everything which is there into his favour. Besides, it also prays for the utilization of such blessings in a dharmic way. You notice that this anuvāka asks for anger and wrath. Rightful anger is the emotion which surges you in response to injustice. Unjust anger is called krodha, which sprouts from jealousy or envy. For instance, when Draupadi was humiliated, the rightful anger of the Pāṇḍavā-s is just. The envious anger Duryodhana is unjust.
शं च मे मयश्च मे प्रियं च मेऽनुकामश्च मे
कामश्च मे सौमनसश्च मे भद्रं च मे श्रेयश्च मे
वस्यश्च मे यशश्च मे भगश्च मे द्रविणं च मे
यन्ता च मे धर्ता च मे क्षेमश्च मे धृतिश्च मे
विश्वं च मे महश्च मे संविच्च मे ज्ञात्रं च मे
सूश्च मे प्रसूश्च मे सीरं च मे लयश्च म ऋतं च
मेऽमृतं च मेऽयक्ष्मं च मेऽनामयच्च मे जीवातुश्च
मे दीर्घायुत्वं च मेऽनमित्रं च मेऽभयं च मे सुगं च
मे शयनं च मे सूषा च मे सुदिनं च मे
śaṃ ca me mayaśca me priyaṃ ca me'nukāmaśca me
kāmaśca me saumanasaśca me bhadraṃ ca me śreyaśca me
vasyaśca me yaśaśca me bhagaśca me draviṇaṃ ca me
yantā ca me dhartā ca me kṣemaśca me dhṛtiśca me
viśvaṃ ca me mahaśca me saṃvicca me jñātraṃ ca me
sūśca me prasūśca me sīraṃ ca me layaśca ma ṛtaṃ ca
me'mṛtaṃ ca me'yakṣmaṃ ca me'nāmayacca me jīvātuśca
me dīrghāyutvaṃ ca me'namitraṃ ca me'bhayaṃ ca me sugaṃ ca
me śayanaṃ ca me sūṣā ca me sudinaṃ ca me
śaṃ ca me — may I have peace
mayaś ca me — may I have delight
priyaṃ ca me — may I have affection / love
anukāmaś ca me — may I have favour / kindness
kāmaś ca me — may I have desire / fulfillment
saumanasaś ca me — may I have good-mindedness / cheerfulness
bhadraṃ ca me — may I have auspiciousness
śreyaś ca me — may I have excellence / prosperity
vasyaś ca me — may I have control / influence
yaśaś ca me — may I have fame
bhagaś ca me — may I have fortune / divine share
draviṇaṃ ca me — may I have wealth / possessions
yantā ca me — may I have a guide / protector
dhartā ca me — may I have a supporter / sustainer
kṣemaś ca me — may I have security / well-being
dhṛtiś ca me — may I have steadfastness / resolve
viśvaṃ ca me — may I have wholeness / totality
mahaś ca me — may I have greatness
saṃvit ca me — may I have awareness / complete knowledge
jñātraṃ ca me — may I have faculty of knowing
sūś ca me — may I have good progeny / well-born child
prasūś ca me — may I have good offspring / birth
sīraṃ ca me — may I have fertility / vigor
layaś ca me — may I have absorption / dissolution
ṛtaṃ ca me — may I have cosmic truth / order
amṛtaṃ ca me — may I have immortality / nectar
ayakṣmaṃ ca me — may I be free from disease
anāmayaś ca me — may I have freedom from distress
jīvātuś ca me — may I have vital life force
dīrghāyutvaṃ ca me — may I have long life
namitraṃ ca me — may I be free from enemies
abhayaṃ ca me — may I have fearlessness
sugaṃ ca me — may I have ease / comfort
śayanaṃ ca me — may I have good sleep / restful bed
sūṣā ca me — may I have alertness / waking
sudinaṃ ca me — may I have auspicious day
Meaning: May I have peace, delight, love, kindness, fulfilment of desires, a healthy mind, auspiciousness, excellence and prosperity, influence, fame, fortune, wealth, guidance, supporters, security and wellbeing, steadfastness, wholeness, greatness and grandeur, awareness and complete knowledge, progeny, fertility and vigor, a graceful departure during death, cosmic order, immortality ( enlightenment ), freedom from diseases and distress, functional life-forces and longevity, freedom from enemies, fearlessness, comfort and ease, good sleep, good active state when awake and auspcious days.
Commentary: This anuvāka's theme is on the basic but meaningful needs of a human, which are often taken for granted. This is a message for us to be grateful for the luxuries we have in life, which includes the ability to carry out our activities of daily living. It also emphasises that no desire is small or petty. We even have the utmost right to demand our deities a peaceful sleep, comfort, fame, knowledge and prosperity.
ऊर्क्च मे सूनृता च मे पयश्च मे रसश्च मे
घृतं च मे मधु च मे सग्धिश्च मे सपीतिश्च मे
कृषिश्च मे वृष्टिश्च मे जैत्रं च म औद्भिद्यं
च मे रयिश्च मे रायश्च मे पुष्टं च मे पुष्टिश्च मे
विभु च मे प्रभु च मे बहु च मे भूयश्च मे पूर्णं
च मे पूर्णतरं च मेऽक्षितिश्च मे कूयवाश्च मेऽन्नं
च मेऽक्षुच्च मे व्रीहयश्च मे यवाश्च मे माषाश्च
मे तिलाश्च मे मुद्गाश्च मे खल्वाश्च मे गोधूमाश्च मे
मसुराश्च मे प्रियङ्गवश्च मेऽणवश्च मे श्यामकाश्च
मे नीवाराश्च मे
ūrkca me sūnṛtā ca me payaśca me rasaśca me
ghṛtaṃ ca me madhu ca me sagdhiśca me sapītiśca me
kṛṣiśca me vṛṣṭiśca me jaitraṃ ca ma audbhidyaṃ
ca me rayiśca me rāyaśca me puṣṭaṃ ca me puṣṭiśca me
vibhu ca me prabhu ca me bahu ca me bhūyaśca me pūrṇaṃ
ca me pūrṇataraṃ ca me'kṣitiśca me kūyavāśca me'nnaṃ
ca me'kṣucca me vrīhayaśca me yavāśca me māṣāśca
me tilāśca me mudgāśca me khalvāśca me godhūmāśca me
masurāśca me priyaṅgavaśca me'ṇavaśca me śyāmakāśca
me nīvārāśca me
ūrkca me – nourishment (ūrk) + to me (me)
sūnṛtā ca me – pleasant speech / truthfulness (sūnṛtā) + and to me (ca me)
payaśca me – milk (payaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
rasaśca me – sap/essence/juice (rasaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
ghṛtaṃ ca me – clarified butter (ghṛtam) + and to me (ca me)
madhu ca me – honey (madhu) + and to me (ca me)
sagdhiśca me – curd (sagdhiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
sapītiśca me – sweet drink / nourishing drink (sapītiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
kṛṣiśca me – agriculture (kṛṣiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
vṛṣṭiśca me – rain (vṛṣṭiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
jaitraṃ ca ma – victory (jaitram) + and to me (ca me)
audbhidyaṃ ca me – plants / vegetation (audbhidyam – that which is born from the earth) + and to me (ca me)
rayiśca me – wealth / resources (rayiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
rāyaśca me – wealth / affluence (rāyaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
puṣṭaṃ ca me – nourishment (puṣṭam) + and to me (ca me)
puṣṭiśca me – growth / prosperity (puṣṭiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
vibhu ca me – expansion / pervasiveness (vibhu) + and to me (ca me)
prabhu ca me – power / authority (prabhu) + and to me (ca me)
bahu ca me – abundance / plenty (bahu) + and to me (ca me)
bhūyaśca me – even more / increase (bhūyaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
pūrṇaṃ ca me – fullness / completeness (pūrṇam) + and to me (ca me)
pūrṇataraṃ ca me – greater fullness / more complete (pūrṇataram) + and to me (ca me)
akṣitiśca me – inexhaustibility (akṣitiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
kūyavāśca me – good harvest / good grains (kūyavāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
annaṃ ca me – food (annam) + and to me (ca me)
akṣucca me – sugarcane (akṣuḥ) + and to me (ca me)
vrīhayaśca me – rice (vrīhayaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
yavāśca me – barley (yavāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
māṣāśca me – black gram (māṣāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
tilāśca me – sesame seeds (tilāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
mudgāśca me – green gram (mudgāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
khalvāśca me – millet (khalvāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
godhūmāśca me – wheat (godhūmāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
masurāśca me – lentils (masurāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
priyaṅgavaśca me – a kind of grain (priyaṅgavaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
aṇavaśca me – small grains (aṇavaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
śyāmakāśca me – wild millet / dark grains (śyāmakāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
nīvārāśca me – wild rice (nīvārāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
Meaning: May I have nourishment, pleasant flow of speech, milk, essence of food, clarified butter, honey, curd, sweet refreshing drinks, agriculture, rain, victory, vegetations and crops, wealth in the form of affluence and resources, nourishment, growth, expansion, power, abundance, increment, completion, greatest accomplishment and completions, inexhaustibility, good produce from harvest, food, sugarcane, rice, barley, black gram, sesame seeds, green gram, millet, wheat, lentils, grain variants, small grains, wild millets, dark grains, and wild rice.
Commentary: This anuvāka's theme is on expansion. While we pray for an able body, mind and spirit in the previous anuvāka-s, the gift of all those should inspire us to expand. With the effort we use, using agriculture as an example, we yield various kinds of crops and produce. This in turn, will help us expand and grow in terms of resources, experience and self. Despite being blessed with a healthy body, mind and spirit, if we do not exercise it to good use, it is of vain. There will be no expansion. Expansion is life.
अश्मा च मे मृत्तिका च मे गिरयश्च मे पर्वताश्च मे
सिकताश्च मे वनस्पतयश्च मे हिरण्यं च मेऽयश्च
मे सीसं च मे त्रपुश्च मे श्यामं च मे लोहं च
मेऽग्निश्च म आपश्च मे वीरुधश्च म ओषधयश्च
मे कृष्टपच्यं च मेऽकृष्टपच्यं च मे ग्राम्याश्च
मे पशव आरण्याश्च यज्ञेन कल्पन्तां वित्तं च मे
वित्तिश्च मे भूतं च मे भूतिश्च मे वसु च मे
वसतिश्च मे कर्म च मे शक्तिश्च मेऽर्थश्च म
एमश्च म इतिश्च मे गतिश्च मे ॥ ५॥
aśmā ca me mṛttikā ca me girayaśca me parvatāśca me
sikatāśca me vanaspatayaśca me hiraṇyaṃ ca me'yaśca
me sīsaṃ ca me trapuśca me śyāmaṃ ca me lohaṃ ca
me'gniśca ma āpaśca me vīrudhaśca ma oṣadhayaśca
me kṛṣṭapacyaṃ ca me'kṛṣṭapacyaṃ ca me grāmyāśca
me paśava āraṇyāśca yajñena kalpantāṃ vittaṃ ca me
vittiśca me bhūtaṃ ca me bhūtiśca me vasu ca me
vasatiśca me karma ca me śaktiśca me'rthaśca ma
emaśca ma itiśca me gatiśca me
aśmā ca me – stone (aśmā) + and to me (ca me)
mṛttikā ca me – clay / earth (mṛttikā) + and to me (ca me)
girayaśca me – hills (girayaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
parvatāśca me – mountains (parvatāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
sikatāśca me – sand grains (sikatāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
vanaspatayaśca me – large trees / forest lords (vanaspatayaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
hiraṇyaṃ ca me – gold (hiraṇyam) + and to me (ca me)
ayaśca me – iron (ayaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
sīsaṃ ca me – lead (sīsam) + and to me (ca me)
trapuśca me – tin (trapuḥ) + and to me (ca me)
śyāmaṃ ca me – dark metal, possibly steel (śyāmam) + and to me (ca me)
lohaṃ ca me – copper or metal in general (loham) + and to me (ca me)
agniśca ma – fire (agniḥ) + and to me (ca me)
āpaśca me – waters (āpaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
vīrudhaśca ma – herbs / small plants (vīrudhaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
oṣadhayaśca me – medicinal plants (oṣadhayaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
kṛṣṭapacyaṃ ca me – cultivated crops (kṛṣṭa-pacyam – what is ripened by ploughing) + and to me (ca me)
akṛṣṭapacyaṃ ca me – uncultivated / wild-growing crops (akṛṣṭa-pacyam) + and to me (ca me)
grāmyāśca me paśavaḥ – domesticated animals (grāmyāḥ paśavaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
āraṇyāśca – wild animals (āraṇyāḥ) + and to me (ca me)
yajñena kalpantāṃ – may they be fit for sacrifice (yajñena = by sacrifice; kalpantām = may they be suitable)
vittaṃ ca me – wealth (vittam) + and to me (ca me)
vittiśca me – acquisition of wealth / means (vittiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
bhūtaṃ ca me – existence / being (bhūtam) + and to me (ca me)
bhūtiśca me – prosperity / glory (bhūtiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
vasu ca me – wealth / riches (vasu) + and to me (ca me)
vasatiśca me – dwelling / residence (vasatiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
karma ca me – action / ritual acts (karma) + and to me (ca me)
śaktiśca me – strength / power (śaktiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
arthaśca ma – purpose / wealth (arthaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
emaśca ma – means / support (emaḥ) + and to me (ca me)
itiśca me – conclusion / end (itiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
gatiśca me – movement / progress / goal (gatiḥ) + and to me (ca me)
Meaning: May I have stones ( boulders for building ), iron, lead, tin, steel, copper, fire-power, water-power, herbs, medicinal plants, cultivated and uncultivated crops, domesticated and wild animals; that are fit for sacrifice, wealth, acquisition of wealth, existence, glory, riches, residence, actions, strength, purpose and wealth, means and support, conclusion with the progress towards goal.
Commentary: The previous anuvāka talked about the beginning of civilisation, with a basic agricultural society. As we see civilisation, an agricultural society expands into a civilisation which has started to use metal and stones for engineering. It has also learnt to use fire and water technology ( dams, metallurgy etc ). The field of medicine also gets initiated. Further, crops are cultivated and animals are tamed into a domestic setting ( cows, horses, animal farming etc ). Nevertheless, man, is bound to remember the blessings, thus, honouring back the deities through sacrifice; giving back a portion of what he earned into a sacred sacrifical ritual. As such, one attains residence, is able to derive strength to execute actions to progress towards other and the ultimate goal.
अग्निश्च म इन्द्रश्च मे सोमश्च म इन्द्रश्च मे सविता
च म इन्द्रश्च मे सरस्वती च म इन्द्रश्च मे पूषा च
म इन्द्रश्च मे बृहस्पतिश्च म इन्द्रश्च मे मित्रश्च
म इन्द्रश्च मे वरुणश्च म इन्द्रश्च मे त्वष्टा च
म इन्द्रश्च मे धाता च म इन्द्रश्च मे विष्णुश्च म
इन्द्रश्च मेऽश्विनौ च म इन्द्रश्च मे मरुतश्च म
इन्द्रश्च मे विश्वे च मे देवा इन्द्रश्च मे पृथिवी च
म इन्द्रश्च मेऽन्तरिक्षं च म इन्द्रश्च मे द्यौश्च
म इन्द्रश्च मे दिशश्च म इन्द्रश्च मे मूर्धा च म
इन्द्रश्च मे प्रजापतिश्च म इन्द्रश्च मे
agniśca ma indraśca me somaśca ma indraśca me savitā
ca ma indraśca me sarasvatī ca ma indraśca me pūṣā ca
ma indraśca me bṛhaspatiśca ma indraśca me mitraśca
ma indraśca me varuṇaśca ma indraśca me tvaṣṭā ca
ma indraśca me dhātā ca ma indraśca me viṣṇuśca ma
indraśca me'śvinau ca ma indraśca me marutaśca ma
indraśca me viśve ca me devā indraśca me pṛthivī ca
ma indraśca me'ntarikṣaṃ ca ma indraśca me dyauśca
ma indraśca me diśaśca ma indraśca me mūrdhā ca ma
indraśca me prajāpatiśca ma indraśca me
agniśca ma – Agni (the fire god) + and to me (ca me)
indraśca me – Indra (king of the gods) + and to me (ca me)
somaśca ma – Soma ( moon deity ) + and to me (ca me)
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
savitā ca ma – Savitṛ (solar deity ) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
sarasvatī ca ma – Sarasvatī (deity of speech and wisdom ) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
pūṣā ca ma – Pūṣa ( Solar deity) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
bṛhaspatiśca ma – Bṛhaspati ( teacher to the deva-s) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
mitraśca ma – Mitra ( solar deity ) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
varuṇaśca ma – Varuṇa (deity of cosmic order and waters) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
tvaṣṭā ca ma – Tvaṣṭṛ (cosmic architect ) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
dhātā ca ma – Dhātṛ (solar deity) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
viṣṇuśca ma – Viṣṇu (all-pervading deity) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
aśvinau ca ma – The Ashvins (twin gods of healing and breath / life force) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
marutaśca ma – The Maruts (storm deities) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
viśve ca me devāḥ – All the gods (viśve devāḥ) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
pṛthivī ca ma – Earth (pṛthivī) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
antarikṣaṃ ca ma – Atmosphere / mid-space (antarikṣam) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
dyauśca ma – Sky / heaven (dyauḥ) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
diśaśca ma – Directions (diśaḥ) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
mūrdhā ca ma – Head / topmost (mūrdhā) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
prajāpatiśca ma – Prajāpati (lord of creation) + and to me
indraśca me – Indra + and to me
Commentary: This anuvaka lists the acquirement of the deities. May all the mentioned deities be 'mine'. These deities represent subtle qualities within us. Let us see:
Agni: The latent fire which drives our body through heat, digestion and metabolism
Soma: Moon- the representation of mind.
Savita: Sun - illumination. The representation of enlightenment and Atma
Sarasvati: Speech
Pūṣā: Solar deity - Nourishing aspect
Bṛhaspati: Guidance / teacher
Mitra:
Varuṇa: Inner order and balance + water within us
tvaṣṭā: Creative intelligence
dhātā
viṣṇu: State of all pervasiveness
pṛthivī: Earth element ( 1 of the 5 elements which make us )
antarikṣaṃ: Ether ( 1 of the 5 elements which make us )
dyauḥ: Heavens - Vast, limitless possibilities
diśaḥ: Orientation and direction
mūrdhā: Peak achievement
Prajāpati: Genetic material that sustains procreation
Meaning and commentary:
The entities mentioned here are both deities worshiped and the inner representation of the deities. We worship them. Indra is brought along all the deities because He is regarded as the King of the devata-s. Indra is actually the deity who represents mastery over the senses. When One attains mastery over the mind which controls the senses, all subtle forces within him comes under his control.
अꣳशुश्च मे रश्मिश्च मेऽदाभ्यश्च मेऽधिपतिश्च
म उपाꣳशुश्च मेऽन्तर्यामश्च म ऐन्द्रवायवश्च
मे मैत्रावरुणश्च म आश्विनश्च मे प्रतिप्रस्थानश्च मे
शुक्रश्च मे मन्थी च म आग्रयणश्च मे वैश्वदेवश्च
मे ध्रुवश्च मे वैश्वानरश्च म ऋतुग्रहाश्च
मेऽतिग्राह्याश्च म ऐन्द्राग्नश्च मे वैश्वदेवश्च
मे मरुत्वतीयाश्च मे माहेन्द्रश्च म आदित्यश्च
मे सावित्रश्च मे सारस्वतश्च मे पौष्णश्च मे
पात्नीवतश्च मे हारियोजनश्च मे
agͫśuśca me raśmiśca me'dābhyaśca me'dhipatiśca
ma upāgͫśuśca me'ntaryāmaśca ma aindravāyavaśca
me maitrāvaruṇaśca ma āśvinaśca me pratiprasthānaśca me
śukraśca me manthī ca ma āgrayaṇaśca me vaiśvadevaśca
me dhruvaśca me vaiśvānaraśca ma ṛtugrahāśca
me'tigrāhyāśca ma aindrāgnaśca me vaiśvadevaśca
me marutvatīyāśca me māhendraśca ma ādityaśca
me sāvitraśca me sārasvataśca me pauṣṇaśca me
pātnīvataśca me hāriyojanaśca me
agͫśuḥ — the Aṃśu graha (first Soma libation cup, from the freshly pressed Soma )
ca — and
me — for me
raśmiḥ — the Raśmi graha ( silver cup ) / rays
adābhyaḥ — the Adābhya graha ( the big cup) / unapproachability
adhipatiḥ — The cup to keep curd / overlordship
upāṃśuḥ — other cups to keep Soma juice / secrets
antaryāmaḥ — the Antaryāma graha (inner cup) / Inner self
aindravāyavaḥ — the graha offered jointly to Indra and Vāyu / Mind and Life force
maitrāvaruṇaḥ — the graha to Mitra and Varuṇa / Brightness and darkness
āśvinaḥ — the graha to the Aśvins / Cosmic life breath
pratiprasthānaḥ — the Pratiprasthāna graha /
śukraḥ — the Śukra graha
manthī — the Manthin graha (churned Soma libation)
āgrayaṇaḥ — the Āgrayaṇa graha (first-fruits libation)
vaiśvadevaḥ — the graha to all the gods (Viśve Devāḥ)
dhruvaḥ — the Dhruva graha
vaiśvānaraḥ — the graha to Vaiśvānara (Agni )
ṛtu-grahāḥ — the seasonal libations
atigrāhyāḥ — the additional/special libations (Atigrāhya grahas)
aindrāgnaḥ — the graha to Indra and Agni
vaiśvadevaḥ — again, the graha to the Viśve Devāḥ
marutvatīyāḥ — the grahas connected with Indra accompanied by the Maruts
māhendraḥ — the great Indra libation
ādityaḥ — the graha to Āditya (Sun)
sāvitraḥ — the graha to Savitṛ
sārasvataḥ — the graha to Sarasvatī
pauṣṇaḥ — the graha to Pūṣa
pātnīvataḥ — the libation connected with the consorts of the gods
hāriyojanaḥ — the Hāriyojana graha
Commentary: This anuvāka talks about the graha-s ( (a libation cup of Soma) done in a Soma–yāga.
In references to the previous anuvāka-s, when men are blessed with material and inner wealth, he celebrates it through gratitude. The Vedic yāga-s were called sacrifices because man “gives” a portion of what he has back to the deities and forces of nature. This utmost action of gratitude and surrender invokes bliss in one.
As the Bhagavad Gītā states, one who enjoys the grains provided by the deities without offering back to them (in the form of yāga), he is equivalent to a thief.
इध्मश्च मे बर्हिश्च मे वेदिश्च मे धिष्णियाश्च मे
स्रुचश्च मे चमसाश्च मे ग्रावाणश्च मे स्वरवश्च
म उपरवाश्च मेऽधिषवणे च मे द्रोणकलशश्च
मे वायव्यानि च मे पूतभृच्च म आधवनीयश्च म
आग्नीध्रं च मे हविर्धानं च मे गृहाश्च मे सदश्च
मे पुरोडाशाश्च मे पचताश्च मेऽवभृथश्च मे
स्वगाकारश्च मे
idhmaśca me barhiśca me vediśca me dhiṣṇiyāśca me
srucaśca me camasāśca me grāvāṇaśca me svaravaśca
ma uparavāśca me'dhiṣavaṇe ca me droṇakalaśaśca
me vāyavyāni ca me pūtabhṛcca ma ādhavanīyaśca ma
āgnīdhraṃ ca me havirdhānaṃ ca me gṛhāśca me sadaśca
me puroḍāśāśca me pacatāśca me'vabhṛthaśca me
svagākāraśca me
idhmaḥ — sacrificial fuel / firewood used in the yajña
ca — and
me — for me / unto me
barhiḥ — the sacred grass used for yajña
ca — and
me — for me
vediḥ — the sacrificial altar / kuṇḍa
ca — and
me — for me
dhiṣṇiyāḥ — platforms / seats for the priests
ca — and
me — for me
srucaḥ — ladle used for offering ghee in a yajña
ca — and
me — for me
camasāḥ — Soma drinking cups
ca — and
me — for me
grāvāṇaḥ — pressing stones used to extract Soma
ca — and
me — for me
svaravaḥ — the wooden boards used during Soma pressing
ca — and
me — for me
uparavāḥ — the pits or supports for the Soma-pressing apparatus
ca — and
me — for me
adhiṣavaṇe — the pressing boards or trough where Soma is pressed
ca — and
me — for me
droṇa-kalaśaḥ — the large wooden vessel holding the pressed Soma juice
ca — and
me — for me
vāyavyāni — the cups offered to Vāyu
ca — and
me — for me
pūtabhṛt — the vessel holding the purified Soma
ca — and
me — for me
ādhavanīyaḥ — the vessel used for washing / purification of Soma
ca — and
me — for me
āgnīdhraṃ — the Agnīdhra hut / place of the priest tending Agmo
ca — and
me — for me
havirdhānam — the shed where sacrificial offerings are kept
ca — and
me — for me
gṛhāḥ — the ritual houses or sheds of the sacrifice
ca — and
me — for me
sadas — the assembly hall for the priests during the yajña
ca — and
me — for me
puroḍāśāḥ — sacrificial rice cakes offered in the ritual
ca — and
me — for me
pacatāḥ — the cooks / those who prepare the sacrificial food
ca — and
me — for me
avabhṛthaḥ — the concluding purificatory bath of the sacrifice
ca — and
me — for me
svagākāraḥ — the exclamation “svāhā” uttered during offerings (a ritual call of oblation )
ca — and
me — for me
Meaning and commentary:
An expansion on the details of a Soma Yāga. If you compare to the previous anuvāka, this anuvāka talks about the grandiosity of the ritual. While the previous anuvāka talks about the basic necessities of a Soma Yāga, this anuvāka elaborates the items and entities involved in a grandiose yāga.
When we give back to the deities, we receive in return a hundredfold. Svāmī Satya Sai Baba quotes — if two cans of ghee are used in a yajña, the world begets 100 cans of ghee.
The spirit of a Bhāratīya is noble. Even with expansion of resources, the Vedic society gave it back to the divine with grander yajña-s. If we look at the ancient civilizations, the huge resources they had were always utilised in honour of the divine.
अग्निश्च मे घर्मश्च मेऽर्कश्च मे सूर्यश्च मे
प्राणश्च मेऽश्वमेधश्च मे पृथिवी च मेऽदितिश्च मे
दितिश्च मे द्यौश्च मे शक्क्वरीरङ्गुलयो दिशश्च
मे यज्ञेन कल्पन्तामृक्च मे साम च मे स्तोमश्च मे
यजुश्च मे दीक्षा च मे तपश्च म ऋतुश्च मे व्रतं
च मेऽहोरात्रयोर्वृष्ट्या बृहद्रथन्तरे च मे यज्ञेन
कल्पेताम् ॥ ९॥
agniśca me gharmaśca me'rkaśca me sūryaśca me
prāṇaśca me'śvamedhaśca me pṛthivī ca me'ditiśca me
ditiśca me dyauśca me śakkvarīraṅgulayo diśaśca
me yajñena kalpantāmṛkca me sāma ca me stomaśca me
yajuśca me dīkṣā ca me tapaśca ma ṛtuśca me vrataṃ
ca me'horātrayorvṛṣṭyā bṛhadrathantare ca me yajñena
kalpetām
agniḥ ca me — Sacrifical Agni ( ritual ) be with me
gharmaḥ ca me — Part of the Pravargya rite in the Soma yāga
arkaḥ ca me — arka yāga presided by Indra
sūryaḥ ca me — sūrya yāga presided by sūrya
prāṇaḥ ca me — prāṇa yāga
aśvamedhaḥ ca me — Aśvamedha ( horse ) yāga
pṛthivī ca me — Earth
aditiḥ ca me — A-diti (Cosmic mother of devata-s, infinity)
ditiḥ ca me — Diti (mother of daityas) / finitude
dyauḥ ca me — Sky
śakvarīḥ aṅgulayaḥ — the Śakvarī metres and the fingers (units/measures)
diśaḥ ca me — directions
yajñena kalpantām — may they be made fit/established through sacrifice
ṛk ca me — Ṛg (hymns)
sāma ca me — Sāman chants
stomaḥ ca me — stomas (chanting structures)
yajuḥ ca me — Yajus (sacrificial formulae)
dīkṣā ca me — initiation (for sacrifice)
tapaḥ ca me — austerity / penance
ṛtuḥ ca me — seasons / time
vratam ca me — sacred vows
ahorātrayoḥ vṛṣṭyā — by day and night, with rain
bṛhat-rathantare ca me — the Bṛhat and Rathantara Sāmans
yajñena kalpetām — may they be properly established through sacrifice
.. may all these be mine
Meaning and commentary:
In this Anuvāka, we see the essence of the yāga, correlating with the inner illumination.
Pravargya refers to a preliminary rite performed before the Soma Yajña, in which fresh milk is poured into a specially heated vessel known as the mahāvīra or gharma, or alternatively into boiling ghee. It is thus understood as an introductory ceremony leading up to the Soma sacrifice.
The deities Indra and Sūrya are related to the Arka and Sūrya yāga. Indra refers to the aspect of the mind which has mastery over the senses. Lord Indra is the deity who represents mastery over the senses. Lord Sūrya represents illumination. So, the inner enlightenment resulting from the mastery over the senses is the true yāga — the internal yāga, considered to be the exalted form of sacrifice.
Prāṇa refers to the life force. The regulation of the life-force (prāṇāyāma) is a sign of spiritual enlightenment, represented by this yāga.
The aśvamedha yāga, misunderstood as a horse sacrifice, is actually an internal yāga. Quoting Bhagavān Śrī Satya Sai Baba:
The horse is not only restless but it also runs fast while riding thereon. So also, man’s mind is both restless and very fast-moving. That is why Arjuna complained to Kṛṣṇa (during the Gītā dialogue) that the mind is restless, strong, obstinate and dangerous. Such a highly fickle mind which is comparable to the horse (an animal) should be surrendered to God as a sacrificial offering. This indeed is the real meaning behind the Horse sacrifice. But nowadays everyone is misguided by the outer meaning only, and nobody takes the trouble of knowing the inner meaning.
Some may try to argue that in olden days animals were sacrificed during Yajñas and Yāgas (sacrificial rites). But they are not correct. Only a few ignorant Paṇḍits (scholars) and misguided elders used to indulge in animal sacrifice. But those who recognised the inner meaning of this ritual used to give prime importance to the sacrifice of the beastly qualities in man while performing such religious ceremonies. The sum and substance of the various religious observances is to destroy the animality in man. (SSS Vol.25, p. 82)
Daśaratha first embarked on an Aśvamedha (Horse) sacrifice. For this sacrifice, a horse that has certain specific characteristics is required. It should bear all the prescribed insignia. In the season of Vasanta (Spring) the search for a suitable horse was started. It was only by the return of the next Spring season that it could be found. Another year went by before the horse could be appropriately prepared for the yāga. Then, the horse was released to go round the realm. It returned from this sacred mission in the next Spring season. This means that the preparations for the yajña were spread over three years. (SSS Vol.23, p. 21)
The Earth represents the grossest element which makes our physicality. The sky represents the limitless potential of the consciousness. These are both manifest in a human. We are pure ātmā (consciousness) functioning through a gross vessel.
Through initiation and austerity, with discipline and oath, the spiritual journey in a man should commence with the light of knowledge (Vedas), at all times, location (directions) and seasons. Day or night, regardless of the condition of times. May all these get established in my inner self through the sacrifice.
So, in this chapter, we evolve to a higher discipline — the inner yāga, the internalisation of the external rituals and attaining enlightenment through it.
गर्भाश्च मे वत्साश्च मे त्र्यविश्च मे त्र्यवी च मे
दित्यवाट् च मे दित्यौही च मे पञ्चाविश्च मे पञ्चावी
च मे त्रिवत्सश्च मे त्रिवत्सा च मे तुर्यवाट् च मे
तुर्यौही च मे पष्ठवाट् च मे पष्ठौही च म उक्षा च
मे वशा च म ऋषभश्च मे वेहच्च मेऽनड्वाञ्च
मे धेनुश्च म आयुर्यज्ञेन कल्पतां प्राणो यज्ञेन
कल्पतामपानो यज्ञेन कल्पतां व्यानो यज्ञेन कल्पतां
चक्षुर्यज्ञेन कल्पताग् श्रोत्रं यज्ञेन कल्पतां मनो
यज्ञेन कल्पतां वाग्यज्ञेन कल्पतामात्मा यज्ञेन कल्पतां
यज्ञो यज्ञेन कल्पताम् ॥ १०॥
garbhāśca me vatsāśca me tryaviśca me tryavī ca me
dityavāṭ ca me dityauhī ca me pañcāviśca me pañcāvī
ca me trivatsaśca me trivatsā ca me turyavāṭ ca me
turyauhī ca me paṣṭhavāṭ ca me paṣṭhauhī ca ma ukṣā ca
me vaśā ca ma ṛṣabhaśca me vehacca me'naḍvāñca
me dhenuśca ma āyuryajñena kalpatāṃ prāṇo yajñena
kalpatāmapāno yajñena kalpatāṃ vyāno yajñena kalpatāṃ
cakṣuryajñena kalpatāg śrotraṃ yajñena kalpatāṃ mano
yajñena kalpatāṃ vāgyajñena kalpatāmātmā yajñena kalpatāṃ
yajño yajñena kalpatām
garbhāḥ — embryos (unborn calves),
ca — and, me — for me
vatsāḥ — new born ( calves )
tryaviḥ — 1 1/2 year old male calves
tryavī — 1 1/2 year old female calves
dityavāṭ — two year-old (male)
dityauhī — two year-old (female)
pañcāviḥ —2 1/2 year old (male)
pañcāvī — 2 1/2 year old (female)
trivatsaḥ — 3 year old (male)
trivatsā — 3 year old (female)
turyavāṭ — 3 1/2 (male)
turyauhī — 3 1/2 (female)
paṣṭhavāṭ — 4 year old (male)
paṣṭhauhī — 4 year old ( female)
ukṣā — breeding bull
vaśā — virgin cow
ṛṣabhaḥ — Majestic bull above the age of 5
vehaḥ — miscarriaged cow / stillborn cow
anaḍvān — draught ox for pulling
dhenuḥ — milch cow /
āyuḥ — life,
yajñena - by sacrifice,
kalpatām — may it be established
prāṇaḥ — prāṇa (vital breath),
yajñena — by sacrifice,
kalpatām — may it be established
apānaḥ — apāna (downward breath),
yajñena — by sacrifice,
kalpatām — may it be established
vyānaḥ — vyāna (pervasive breath),
yajñena — by sacrifice,
kalpatām — may it be established
cakṣuḥ — sight,
yajñena — by sacrifice,
kalpatām — may it be established
śrotram — hearing,
yajñena — by sacrifice,
kalpatām — may it be established
manaḥ — mind,
yajñena — by sacrifice,
kalpatām — may it be established
vāk — speech,
yajñena — by sacrifice,
kalpatām — may it be established
ātmā — self,
yajñena — by sacrifice,
kalpatām — may it be established
yajñaḥ — sacrifice,
yajñena — by sacrifice,
kalpatām — may it be established
Meaning and commentary:
Here, the various forms of cattle, from different age groups are requested. Cows in the Vedic era denoted wealth.
The number sequence follows a linear progression of 0.5. Every part of the life-cycle is complete.
This reflects reproductive sustainability.
Ukṣā → breeding
Dhenuḥ → milk
Anaḍvān → agriculture (ploughing)
Ṛṣabha → dominance/genetics
Each form and age of the mentioned cattle is a parallel to a biological function. It illustrates the physical evolution and growth - from nourishment to sustenance and peak dominance.
The mantra also creates a resolution for the establishment long life with the efficacy of the life-forces, with the perfection of the senses ( gross - physical ), mind ( mental - subtle ) and soul ( absolute ).
May all these happen with the sacrifice ( from the previous anuvākas - both external and internal ).
This anuvāka correlates the external yāga with the cows as the produce and labour from them facilitates the yāga. The perfection of the internal senses, mind and consciousness correlates to the internal yāga.
May these yāga ( sacrifice ) that we perform get perfected by sacrifice itself!
एका च मे तिस्रश्च मे पञ्च च मे सप्त च मे नव
च म एकादश च मे त्रयोदश च मे पञ्चदश च
मे सप्तदश च मे नवदश च म एकविꣳशतिश्च
मे त्रयोविꣳशतिश्च मे पञ्चविꣳशतिश्च
मे सप्तविꣳशतिश्च मे नवविꣳशतिश्च
म एकत्रिꣳशच्च मे त्रयस्त्रिꣳशच्च मे
चतस्रश्च मेऽष्टौ च मे द्वादश च मे षोडश
च मे विꣳशतिश्च मे चतुर्विꣳशतिश्च
मेऽष्टाविꣳशतिश्च मे द्वात्रिꣳशच्च मे
षट्त्रिꣳशच्च मे चत्वरिꣳशच्च मे
चतुश्चत्वारिꣳशच्च मेऽष्टाचत्वारिꣳशच्च मे
वाजश्च प्रसवश्चापिजश्च क्रतुश्च सुवश्च
मूर्धा च व्यश्नियश्चान्त्यायनश्चान्त्यश्च भौवनश्च
भुवनश्चाधिपतिश्च ॥ ११॥
ekā ca me tisraśca me pañca ca me sapta ca me nava
ca ma ekādaśa ca me trayodaśa ca me pañcadaśa ca
me saptadaśa ca me navadaśa ca ma ekavigͫśatiśca
me trayovigͫśatiśca me pañcavigͫśatiśca
me saptavigͫśatiśca me navavigͫśatiśca
ma ekatrigͫśacca me trayastrigͫśacca me
catasraśca me'ṣṭau ca me dvādaśa ca me ṣoḍaśa
ca me vigͫśatiśca me caturvigͫśatiśca
me'ṣṭāvigͫśatiśca me dvātrigͫśacca me
ṣaṭtrigͫśacca me catvarigͫśacca me
catuścatvārigͫśacca me'ṣṭācatvārigͫśacca me
vājaśca prasavaścāpijaśca kratuśca suvaśca
mūrdhā ca vyaśniyaścāntyāyanaścāntyaśca bhauvanaśca
bhuvanaścādhipatiśca
Odd number sequence:
ekā ca me — one and for me
tisraḥ ca me — three and for me
pañca ca me — five and for me
sapta ca me — seven and for me
nava ca me — nine and for me
ekādaśa ca me — eleven and for me
trayodaśa ca me — thirteen and for me
pañcadaśa ca me — fifteen and for me
saptadaśa ca me — seventeen and for me
navadaśa ca me — nineteen and for me
ekaviṃśatiḥ ca me — twenty-one and for me
trayoviṃśatiḥ ca me — twenty-three and for me
pañcaviṃśatiḥ ca me — twenty-five and for me
saptaviṃśatiḥ ca me — twenty-seven and for me
navaviṃśatiḥ ca me — twenty-nine and for me
ekatriṃśat ca me — thirty-one and for me
trayastriṃśat ca me — thirty-three and for me
Even-number sequence
catasraḥ ca me — four and for me
aṣṭau ca me — eight and for me
dvādaśa ca me — twelve and for me
ṣoḍaśa ca me — sixteen and for me
viṃśatiḥ ca me — twenty and for me
caturviṃśatiḥ ca me — twenty-four and for me
aṣṭāviṃśatiḥ ca me — twenty-eight and for me
dvātriṃśat ca me — thirty-two and for me
ṣaṭtriṃśat ca me — thirty-six and for me
catvāriṃśat ca me — forty and for me
catuścatvāriṃśat ca me — forty-four and for me
aṣṭācatvāriṃśat ca me — forty-eight and for me
vājaḥ ca — nourishment / strength / food-energy
prasavaḥ ca — generation / procreation / productivity
api-jaḥ ca — continuous procreation / cycles of rebirth
kratuḥ ca —sacrifice
suvaḥ ca — the plane of consciousness / absolute reality
mūrdhā ca — the head / summit
vyaśniyaḥ ca — pervading / expanding (that which spreads)
antyāyanaḥ ca — that which leads to the end / final path
antyaḥ ca — the end / ultimate
bhauvanaḥ ca — relating to beings / worldly existence
bhuvanaḥ ca — the world / realms of existence
adhipatiḥ ca — the lord / supreme ruler
Meaning and commentary:
Odd sequence:
1, 3, 5, 7, 9 … 33 demonstrates a steady increase by '2'.
Even sequence:
4, 8, 12, 16 … 48 demonstrates a steady increase by '4'
The even sequence is: 4n = 4,8,12,16....
The odd sequence is: 2n-1 = 1,3,5,7....
2×(odd numbers)=2,6,10,14,...
(2×odd)+2=multiples of 4
Example:
- (2×1)+2 = 4
- (2×3)+2 = 8
- (2×5)+2 = 12
2n - 1 = 1, 3, 5, 7, ...
4n=2(2n−1)+2
Every multiple of 4 can be written as:
Example:
- 4 = 1 + 3
- 8 = 3 + 5
- 12 = 5 + 7
- 16 = 7 + 9
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